- Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Escola de Direito do Rio de Janeiro.
Praia de Botafogo, 190, 13º andar
Botafogo
22250-900 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil - +55 (21) 37995390
- Professor of International Law and EU Law, Getulio Vargas Foundation Law School in Rio de Janeiro (since 2008). Direc... moreProfessor of International Law and EU Law, Getulio Vargas Foundation Law School in Rio de Janeiro (since 2008). Director of the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence on EU-South America Global Governance, sponsored by the European Commission at the Getulio Vargas Foundation Law School. Associate Researcher at the Institute of International and European Law at the Sorbonne (IREDIES). Professor of the Post-Graduate Program of the Getulio Vargas Foundation Law School in Rio de Janeiro. Qualified as ‘maître des conferences’ in Public Law (France, CNU). Nominated Brazilian Member of the International Law Association Committee on the Procedure of International Courts and Tribunals. Chair of the Interest Group on ‘International Courts and Tribunals’ of the Latin American Society of International Law (LASIL). Doctorate with honors summa cum laude in International and European Law at the Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Masters of Law (Master II Recherche – former DEA) in Public International and European Law – Université Paris XI, Faculté Jean Monnet. Researcher at the Centre d’études et de recherche en droit international et relations internationales de l’Académie de droit international de La Haye (2010). Post-doctoral visiting scholar at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law (2014) and at the University of Oxford, Faculty of Law (2014). Visiting professor at the École de droit de la Sorbonne, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (2019), at the Faculty of Law of the University of Salzburg (since 2017) and at the Faculty of Law of the Universidade Católica Portuguesa no Porto (since 2023).edit
Over the last decades, the participation of State and non-State actors in law-making has become one of the basic features of international law. Considering the International Court of Justice (ICJ) as a focus, this analysis will discuss... more
Over the last decades, the participation of State and non-State actors in law-making has become one of the basic features of international law. Considering the International Court of Justice (ICJ) as a focus, this analysis will discuss the potential and limits of Non-State Actors (NSA)'s participation, as 'friends of the Court,' in contentious proceedings. The ICJ Statute and Rules of Court contain no provision on amicus curiae participation in contentious cases. The lack of an express mention does not indicate, however, that this practice would be proscribed by the Court. This research applies an empirical methodology for mapping the ICJ's practices concerning forms of submitting relevant information to the Court in contentious proceedings. Broadening the possibilities for participation would imply the recognition of the plurilateral nature of international disputes, notably when global public goods are at stake. If the goal is to 'introduce public interest considerations', then the 'friends of the Court' could also contribute to upholding rules aimed at protecting the international community's fundamental values and, ultimately, strengthening the democratic legitimation of judicial decisions.
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Over the last decades, the participation of State and non-State actors (nsas) in the process of international law-making has become one of the basic features of international law. As multifunctional actors, the role of international... more
Over the last decades, the participation of State and non-State actors (nsas) in the process of international law-making has become one of the basic features of international law. As multifunctional actors, the role of international courts and tribunals (ict s) encompasses the protection and development of the international community. Together with ict s’ role in the promotion, recognition and application of community interest norms, the growing participation of State and nsa s in international dispute settlement mechanisms also plays an increasingly important role in ensuring and facilitating compliance and enforcement of community interest norms. Whereas the nonparty participation of State and nsa s has only very exceptionally been recognized, their influence in international dispute settlement cannot be ignored. By applying empirical research methodology for mapping the practice of the International Court
of Justice (icj) concerning the participation of State and nsa s under the icj Statute and Rules of Court, this paper addresses the existing mechanisms of non-party participation in both contentious cases and advisory proceedings. There is no doubt that icj procedural law remains outdated and disconnected from the contemporary developments characterizing the international community nowadays. Broadening the possibilities for participation by State and nsa s would imply the recognition of the plurilateral nature of international disputes. In this context, the paper also discusses the challenges and possible alternatives for expanding participation via teleological interpretation of the icj Statute and potential amendments to the Rules of Court and Practice Directions.
of Justice (icj) concerning the participation of State and nsa s under the icj Statute and Rules of Court, this paper addresses the existing mechanisms of non-party participation in both contentious cases and advisory proceedings. There is no doubt that icj procedural law remains outdated and disconnected from the contemporary developments characterizing the international community nowadays. Broadening the possibilities for participation by State and nsa s would imply the recognition of the plurilateral nature of international disputes. In this context, the paper also discusses the challenges and possible alternatives for expanding participation via teleological interpretation of the icj Statute and potential amendments to the Rules of Court and Practice Directions.
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Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade lived a life dedicated to the theory and practice of international law. This paper briefly presents an overview of his contributions as a Legal Advisor to the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and as... more
Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade lived a life dedicated to the theory and practice of international law. This paper briefly presents an overview of his contributions as a Legal Advisor to the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and as an academic on international law, focusing on the contributions of his work as an international Judge at the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and at the International Court of Justice to the advancement of discussions on international law of human rights pertaining to questions of jurisdiction, procedure, substance and to procedural crossfertilisation between international courts and tribunals.
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In his professional practice, Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade perfectly combined theory and practice in matters of International Law. This essay illustrates his brilliant and multiple legal-humanist trajectory as a legal advisor to the... more
In his professional practice, Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade perfectly combined theory and practice in matters of International Law. This essay illustrates his brilliant and multiple legal-humanist trajectory as a legal advisor to the Itamaraty, as an academic, as well as a judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the International Court of Justice. May the new generations of internationalist jurists be inspired by his rich legacy.
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A pandemia COVID-19 despertou reflexões latentes acerca das capacidades normativas e institucionais da OMS para responder a pandemias, instigando a comunidade internacional a repensar alternativas para que a crise não se repita. Com esse... more
A pandemia COVID-19 despertou reflexões latentes acerca das capacidades normativas e institucionais da OMS para responder a pandemias, instigando a comunidade internacional a repensar alternativas para que a crise não se repita. Com esse intuito, o presente artigo elenca sugestões para aproveitar mecanismos já existentes no sistema de governança da saúde global, assim como novas propostas advindas de uma reforma normativa e institucional da OMS.
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By developing international law, international courts can also contribute to the protection and promotion of community interests. The ICJ, in particular , is capable of promoting community interests by adjudicating interState claims.... more
By developing international law, international courts can also contribute to the protection and promotion of community interests. The ICJ, in particular , is capable of promoting community interests by adjudicating interState claims. However, one of the main obstacles faced by the World Court relates to the existing tension between the bilateral nature of its own proceedings and the multilateral nature 1
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This article intends to reflect on the expansion of international normative powers beyond an inter-state logic and its impact in the global order. The growth of participation of nonstate actors and the boost of new sources go beyond... more
This article intends to reflect on the expansion of international normative powers beyond an inter-state logic and its impact in the global order. The growth of participation of nonstate actors and the boost of new sources go beyond Classical International Law tools and lead to challenges, including legitimacy and accountability concerns. Given the questions raised, the possible contribution of the European Union mechanisms of good governance and multilevel governance to the system of Global Governance will be evaluated.
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This article intends to access the role of governance reforms as a response to the challenges raised by the expansion of normative powers in International and European legal orders. Arguably, traditional legal categories have ceased to... more
This article intends to access the role of governance reforms as a response to the challenges raised by the expansion of normative powers in International and European legal orders. Arguably, traditional legal categories have ceased to adequately reflect the actual stage of economic, social and legal cross-border relations within multiples actors and interests. Changes in International and European law-making are indeed noticeable and result in many regulatory challenges derived from the increased participation of non-state actors. These changes produce impact via soft law instruments, such as recommendations, guidelines, non-binding agreements and reports. Particularly, for decision-making processes involving public interest, questions of legitimacy and accountability are frequently raised in the exercise of authority. In spite of the European Union’s particular structure, the challenges concerning the division and allocation of authority at the EU level are common to those reflected at the international level. In the last decades, there has been an “evolution” in the EU Governance, including the development of good and multilevel governance mechanisms. By implementing a deductive method, this article aims to access to what extend the EU institutional response can encourage and inspire the accommodation of the international legal order to the current normativity changes.
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JUSTIÇA | Abril 2020 Na medida em que avança o número de casos de Covid-19 pelo mundo, desenvolve-se a implementação de medidas de mitigação e supressão da pandemia por cada governo. Do fechamento de fronteiras até a vigilância em massa e... more
JUSTIÇA | Abril 2020
Na medida em que avança o número de casos de Covid-19 pelo mundo, desenvolve-se a implementação de medidas de mitigação e supressão da pandemia por cada governo. Do fechamento de fronteiras até a vigilância em massa e ordem de confinamento total, muitas restrições a garantias e liberdades individuais têm sido implementadas por países, amparadas por regulações emergenciais. Não obstante, sem desconsiderar a gravidade da crise, especialistas da ONU 1 alertaram que os Estados não devem abusar das medidas de emergência para suprimir direitos humanos. No caso específico do Brasil, questiona-se: existem normas internas e internacionais que regulam situações de emergência como a presente? Quais são os limites em matéria de direitos humanos aplicáveis à pandemia Covid-19 no Brasil?
Na medida em que avança o número de casos de Covid-19 pelo mundo, desenvolve-se a implementação de medidas de mitigação e supressão da pandemia por cada governo. Do fechamento de fronteiras até a vigilância em massa e ordem de confinamento total, muitas restrições a garantias e liberdades individuais têm sido implementadas por países, amparadas por regulações emergenciais. Não obstante, sem desconsiderar a gravidade da crise, especialistas da ONU 1 alertaram que os Estados não devem abusar das medidas de emergência para suprimir direitos humanos. No caso específico do Brasil, questiona-se: existem normas internas e internacionais que regulam situações de emergência como a presente? Quais são os limites em matéria de direitos humanos aplicáveis à pandemia Covid-19 no Brasil?
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This article evaluates the judicial dialogue between the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR). It aims to discuss, on the one hand, the use of the ICJ jurisprudence in the case law of... more
This article evaluates the judicial dialogue between the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR). It aims to discuss, on the one hand, the use of the ICJ jurisprudence in the case law of the Inter-American Court and the use of the IACtHR jurisprudence in the case law of the ICJ, on the other hand. Being aware that the ICJ and the IACtHR are placed in different levels and possess structural differences, the judicial dialogue between these two courts is inevitably marked by asymmetries. The empirical analysis of the interaction between the ICJ and the IACtHR aims to identify the functions of the judicial dialogue, which encompass the general cross-fertilization function and the function of enhancing the persuasiveness, authority or legitimacy of individual judicial decisions.
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International institutions and international law have a relevant role not only in the provision of Global Public Goods, but also in their maintenance and administration. Community interests are related to GPG, as they tend to transcend... more
International institutions and international law have a relevant role not only in the provision of Global Public Goods, but also in their maintenance and administration. Community interests are related to GPG, as they tend to transcend States' individuals' interests and ensure the protection of the international community. The protection of human rights can be considered the most prominent among other expressions of community interest. As a component of the international governance structure, international courts and tribunals (ICTs) can be considered a key element to the promotion of the international rule of law, including the provision of GPG. As the principal judicial organ of the UN, the ICJ is able to promote GPG by adjudicating interState
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By developing international law, international courts can also contribute to the protection and promotion of community interests, by adjudicating interstate claims. The aim of this project is, particularly within the International Court... more
By developing international law, international courts can also contribute to the protection and promotion of community interests, by adjudicating interstate claims. The aim of this project is, particularly within the International Court of Justice, to appreciate the relentless demands involving community interests and present a non-traditional response to its challenges. The main obstacle faced by the ICJ relates to the existing tension between the bilateral nature of its own proceedings and the multilateral nature of the conflicting substantive law. Whereas the rules of that protect community interests are considered to be substantive law, those guiding international adjudication are of a procedural nature. As procedure may guide and shape the application of substantive law, it should itself be interpreted and developed in a manner to ensure community interests. Our proposal is that using its power to 'frame rules for carrying out its functions' (Art. 30 of the Statute of the ICJ), independently from consent, the Court should assume expanded procedural powers in order to ensure the effective application of substantive law whenever community interests are at issue. Most procedural rules can be adjusted and tailored for multiparty aspects (enhancing participatory mechanisms) with the aim of protecting community interests and enhancing international court's legitimacy. It is up to the Court to find the balance between State's rights and commonly aspired goals, acknowledging the relation between the emergence of soft international law-making (procedure) and its role of addressing the provision of community interests (substance).
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By adjudicating interState claims, international courts can also contribute to the protection and promotion of community interests. However, the main obstacle faced by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) relates to the existing... more
By adjudicating interState claims, international courts can also contribute to the protection and promotion of community interests. However, the main obstacle faced by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) relates to the existing tension between the bilateral nature of its own proceedings and the multilateral nature of the conflicting substantive law. As procedure may guide and shape the application of substantive law, it should itself be interpreted and developed in a manner to ensure community interests. By using its power to "frame rules for carrying out its functions", the Court should assume expanded procedural powers in order to ensure the effective application of substantive law whenever community interests are at issue. Most procedural rules can be adjusted for multiparty aspects, notably the rules on third-party intervention, with the aim of protecting community interests and enhancing the Court's legitimacy. It is up to the Court to find the balance between States' rights and commonly aspired goals.
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This article evaluates the impact of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) jurisprudence in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) case law. Based on empirical and qualitative analysis, it aims to present an overview of... more
This article evaluates the impact of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) jurisprudence in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) case law. Based on empirical and qualitative analysis, it aims to present an overview of citations patterns in ICJ case law as far as the IACtHR is concerned. Since most external citations to IACtHR case law by the ICJ are found in individual opinions, this article will also present a qualitative analysis of the most cited issues by the most active ICJ judge with a view to identifying the functions of the judicial dialogue, as developed by Anne-Marie Slaughter, which encompass (i) the general cross-fertilization function; and (ii) the function of ‘enhancing the persuasiveness, authority or legitimacy of individual judicial decisions. The article intends to assess the ICJ’s openness to judicial dialogue, in particular with the IACtHR.
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In his professional practice, Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade perfectly combined theory and practice in matters of international law. This essay illustrates his legal-humanist trajectory as an academic, as well as a judge of the... more
In his professional practice, Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade perfectly combined theory and practice in matters of international law. This essay illustrates his legal-humanist trajectory as an academic, as well as a judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the International Court of Justice. The theses he developed during his prolific academic career were equally visible in his practice as a judge. He believed that the jurisdictional function was guided, above all, by the ideal of achieving justice. This is because, for Judge Cançado Trindade, an international court cannot remain indifferent to human suffering, favouring raison d’État and denying justice to individuals under its jurisdiction.
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This chapter empirically maps and discusses the International Court of Justice (ICJ) practice concerning all forms of submitting relevant information to the court by a variety of state and non-state actors (NSAs) under its existing... more
This chapter empirically maps and discusses the International Court of Justice (ICJ) practice concerning all forms of submitting relevant information to the court by a variety of state and non-state actors (NSAs) under its existing Statutes and Rules provisions, with a focus on contentious proceedings, notably when community interests are at stake. The empirical research was designed to assess all requests, applications and submissions presented to the ICJ and the notifications issued by the court to the relevant actors (accepted and declined), as well as other informal ways of submitting information to the Court. The chapter posits that states and NSAs may participate in and influence international dispute settlement in various capacities, both formally and informally, and while their formal role has yet to be more broadly explored, their informal participation in international disputes must also be taken into account.
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In: Heloisa Helena Barboza; Cleyson de Moraes Mello; Gustavo Silveira Siqueira; Carmen Tiburcio; Marilda Rosado de Sá Ribeiro; Paulo Emílio Vauthier Borges de Macedo. (Org.). Direito Internacional: o Futuro do Direito. 1ed.Rio de Janeiro:... more
In: Heloisa Helena Barboza; Cleyson de Moraes Mello; Gustavo Silveira Siqueira; Carmen Tiburcio; Marilda Rosado de Sá Ribeiro; Paulo Emílio Vauthier Borges de Macedo. (Org.). Direito Internacional: o Futuro do Direito. 1ed.Rio de Janeiro: Processo, 2022, v. , p. 367-382.
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ALMEIDA, Paula Wojcikiewicz. International Procedural Regulation in the Common Interest: the Role of Third-Party Intervention before the ICJ. In: Heloisa Helena Barboza; Cleyson de Moraes Mello; Gustavo Silveira Siqueira; Carmen Tiburcio;... more
ALMEIDA, Paula Wojcikiewicz. International Procedural Regulation in the Common Interest: the Role of Third-Party Intervention before the ICJ. In: Heloisa Helena Barboza; Cleyson de Moraes Mello; Gustavo Silveira Siqueira; Carmen Tiburcio; Marilda Rosado de Sá Ribeiro; Paulo Emílio Vauthier Borges de Macedo. (Org.). Direito Internacional: o Futuro do Direito. 1ed.Rio de Janeiro: Processo, 2022, v. , p. 367-382.
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A natureza das obrigações impostas ao Estado que assina um tratado internacional figura na ordem do dia dos debates internacionais. Isso porque muitos Estados têm adotado a prática de assinar tratados internacionais em função de... more
A natureza das obrigações impostas ao Estado que assina um tratado internacional figura na ordem do dia dos debates internacionais. Isso porque muitos Estados têm adotado a prática de assinar tratados internacionais em função de compromissos políticos sem, entretanto, pretender ratificá-los, caso que assumiriam a obrigação de respeitar seu conteúdo. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a gradação e a importância de tais obrigações no que tange aos tratados em forma solene e aos tratados em forma simplificada. Para isso, recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo cujo ponto de partida foi o texto da Convenção de Viena sobre o Direito dos Tratados de interpretação e a análise do texto da Convenção foram realizadas segundo os critérios gramatical, histórico, teleológico e prático e foram baseadas principalmente nos debates prévios à sua adoção realizados pela Comissão de Direito Internacional da ONU e em textos doutrinários. Ao final, concluiu-se que, como pretenderam os redatores da referida Con...
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Over the last decades, the participation of State and non-State actors in law-making has become one of the basic features of international law. Considering the International Court of Justice (ICJ) as a focus, this analysis will discuss... more
Over the last decades, the participation of State and non-State actors in law-making has become one of the basic features of international law. Considering the International Court of Justice (ICJ) as a focus, this analysis will discuss the potential and limits of Non-State Actors (NSA)’s participation, as ‘friends of the Court,’ in contentious proceedings. The ICJ Statute and Rules of Court contain no provision on amicus curiae participation in contentious cases. The lack of an express mention does not indicate, however, that this practice would be proscribed by the Court. This research applies an empirical methodology for mapping the ICJ’s practices concerning forms of submitting relevant information to the Court in contentious proceedings. Broadening the possibilities for participation would imply the recognition of the plurilateral nature of international disputes, notably when global public goods are at stake. If the goal is to ‘introduce public interest considerations’, then th...
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Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 despertou reflexões latentes acerca das capacidades normativas e institucionais da OMS para responder a pandemias, instigando a comunidade internacional a repensar alternativas para que a crise não se repita.... more
Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 despertou reflexões latentes acerca das capacidades normativas e institucionais da OMS para responder a pandemias, instigando a comunidade internacional a repensar alternativas para que a crise não se repita. Com esse intuito, o presente artigo elenca sugestões para aproveitar mecanismos já existentes no sistema de governança da saúde global, assim como novas propostas advindas de uma reforma normativa e institucional da OMS.
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Existem limites à atuação estatal, mesmo quando amparada em situações de emergência de saúde pública global, como a pandemia COVID-19. O Direito Internacional, em particular as normas da OMS, estabelecem obrigações que devem ser seguidas... more
Existem limites à atuação estatal, mesmo quando amparada em situações de emergência de saúde pública global, como a pandemia COVID-19. O Direito Internacional, em particular as normas da OMS, estabelecem obrigações que devem ser seguidas pelos Estados afetados pela pandemia. Paralelamente, normas de proteção de direitos humanos, que são igualmente aplicáveis no presente contexto, também estabelecem limites à atuação estatal, cujo descumprimento pode gerar responsabilização internacional. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar as normas internacionais que incumbem aos Estados no combate ao COVID-19, incluindo-se aquelas adotadas no âmbito do direito internacional geral e no direito internacional dos direitos humanos, bem como suas consequências, dentre as quais, a possibilidade de responsabilização internacional dos Estados envolvidos pelo descumprimento de suas obrigações internacionais.
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This contribution particularly evaluates the use of the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ) jurisprudence in the case law of the Inter-American Court on Human Rights (IACtHR). It intends to identify whether, for what purpose, and to... more
This contribution particularly evaluates the use of the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ) jurisprudence in the case law of the Inter-American Court on Human Rights (IACtHR). It intends to identify whether, for what purpose, and to what extent the IACtHR takes into account the jurisprudence of the ICJ. This article is divided into two parts and applies quantitative and qualitative methods. The first section evaluates asymmetries and particular features that characterize the judicial dialogue between the ICJ and the IACtHR. Being aware that the ICJ and the IACtHR are placed in different levels and possess structural differences, the second part presents an empirical analysis of the most cited ICJ rulings in both IACtHR’s contentious and advisory proceedings. Ultimately, this analysis aims to identify the existence of a dialogue or a monologue between the IACtHR and the ICJ.
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A incorporação do direito internacional no Brasil é marcada por um desequilíbrio entre os poderes executivo e legislativo, típico de um país sob regime presidencial. Uma vez devidamenteincorporados no ordenamento jurídico interno de... more
A incorporação do direito internacional no Brasil é marcada por um desequilíbrio entre os poderes executivo e legislativo, típico de um país sob regime presidencial. Uma vez devidamenteincorporados no ordenamento jurídico interno de acordo com os requisitos constitucionais, os tratados internacionais serão aplicados pelo Poder Judiciário. No entanto, não há disposição constitucional que estabeleça a posição de tratados internacionais quando confrontados com a legislação nacional. A maioria dos julgados dos tribunais superiores brasileiros relativos ao tema considera, historicamente, a posição de estrita paridade entre o direito internacional e a legislação ordinária interna. Essa prática é claramente problemática e implica a responsabilidade internacional do Estado, exceto em casos envolvendo direitos humanos, entre outros. Em função da reforma constitucional de 2004, os tratados de direitos humanos aprovados de acordo com um quórum específico podem ter posição diferenciada em relaç...
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The Mercosur dispute settlement system possesses several limitations, which are linked to its transitory aspect and include, in particular, the limited access of individuals who are only able to present their demands via the National... more
The Mercosur dispute settlement system possesses several limitations, which are linked to its transitory aspect and include, in particular, the limited access of individuals who are only able to present their demands via the National Section of the Common Market Group of the member state in question. The application of the advisory opinions’ mechanism embodies a possible alternative in order to overcome the lack of access of individuals and civil society to Mercosur Tribunals. The referred mechanism enables national courts to question the Permanent Review Court exclusively with regards to the interpretation of Mercosur law. Therefore, it guarantees an indirect access of individuals to Mercosur Tribunals. However, there is still a very low number of advisory opinions solicited to the PRC, which are due, among other factors, to the lack of knowledge of Mercosur law and its mechanisms by lawyers and national judges. This challenged is combined with a normative limitation, i.e ., the do...
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The nature of the obligations imposed on a State which signs an international treaty is one of the most discussed topics in international debates. This is due to the fact that many States have adopted the practice of signing International... more
The nature of the obligations imposed on a State which signs an international treaty is one of the most discussed topics in international debates. This is due to the fact that many States have adopted the practice of signing International agreements in order to satisfy political demands, but without the intention of ratífyíng them, when they would assume responsibility for complying with treaty content. The aim of this article is to analyse the degree and importance of such obligations concerning both treaties and executive agreements. To this end, an content analysis, whose point of departure was the text of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties was utilized. The interpretation and analysis of the text were carried out following grammatical, historical, teleological and practical criteria and were based principally on debates organised by the International Law Commission prior to the adoption of the Vienna Convention, as well as the academic literature. Finally, it is conclu...
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Cet article vise à évaluer l’affaire des Immunités juridictionnelles de l’État devant la Cour internationale de justice. Compte tenu de la position adoptée par la majorité des membres de la Cour, le présent article vise à porter un oeil... more
Cet article vise à évaluer l’affaire des Immunités juridictionnelles de l’État devant la Cour internationale de justice. Compte tenu de la position adoptée par la majorité des membres de la Cour, le présent article vise à porter un oeil critique sur les arguments qui tendent à considérer qu’il existe un conflit entre l’immunité étatique et les règles de jus cogens, en argumentant que la distinction entre les règles de procédure et de fond s’avère être artificielle et formaliste. En outre, l’immunité de l’Etat revêt un caractère relatif lorsque sont en jeu de graves violations des Droits de l’Homme et du Droit International Humanitaire ayant le statut de règles de jus cogens. Il est nécessaire d’effectuer une lecture progressiste de la pratique étatique dans le domaine des immunités étatiques, compte tenu de l’évolution actuelle du Droit International et de l’apparition des individus en tant que sujets de Droit International.
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This article intends to access the role of governance reforms as a response to the challenges raised by the expansion of normative powers in International and European legal orders. Arguably, traditional legal categories have ceased to... more
This article intends to access the role of governance reforms as a response to the challenges raised by the expansion of normative powers in International and European legal orders. Arguably, traditional legal categories have ceased to adequately reflect the actual stage of economic, social and legal cross-border relations within multiples actors and interests. Changes in International and European law-making are indeed noticeable and result in many regulatory challenges derived from the increased participation of non-state actors. These changes produce impact via soft law instruments, such as recommendations, guidelines, non-binding agreements and reports. Particularly, for decision-making processes involving public interest, questions of legitimacy and accountability are frequently raised in the exercise of authority. In spite of the European Union’s particular structure, the challenges concerning the division and allocation of authority at the EU level are common to those reflect...
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By adjudicating inter-State claims, international courts can also contribute to the protection and promotion of community interests. However, the main obstacle faced by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) relates to the existing... more
By adjudicating inter-State claims, international courts can also contribute to the protection and promotion of community interests. However, the main obstacle faced by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) relates to the existing tension between the bilateral nature of its own proceedings and the multilateral nature of the conflicting substantive law. As procedure may guide and shape the application of substantive law, it should itself be interpreted and developed in a manner to ensure community interests. By using its power to “frame rules for carrying out its functions”, the Court should assume expanded procedural powers in order to ensure the effective application of substantive law whenever community interests are at issue. Most procedural rules can be adjusted for multiparty aspects, notably the rules on third-party intervention, with the aim of protecting community interests and enhancing the Court’s legitimacy. It is up to the Court to find the balance between States’ rig...
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Research Interests:
A natureza das obrigações impostas ao Estado que assina um tratado internacional figura na ordem do dia dos debates internacionais. Isso porque muitos Estados têm adotado a prática de assinar tratados internacionais em função de... more
A natureza das obrigações impostas ao Estado que assina um tratado internacional figura na ordem do dia dos debates internacionais. Isso porque muitos Estados têm adotado a prática de assinar tratados internacionais em função de compromissos políticos sem, entretanto, pretender ratificá-los, caso que assumiriam a obrigação de respeitar seu conteúdo. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a gradação e a importância de tais obrigações no que tange aos tratados em forma solene e aos tratados em forma simplificada. Para isso, recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo cujo ponto de partida foi o texto da Convenção de Viena sobre o Direito dos Tratados de interpretação e a análise do texto da Convenção foram realizadas segundo os critérios gramatical, histórico, teleológico e prático e foram baseadas principalmente nos debates prévios à sua adoção realizados pela Comissão de Direito Internacional da ONU e em textos doutrinários. Ao final, concluiu-se que, como pretenderam os redatores da referida Con...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Resumo Este artigo busca analisar criticamente o caso das imunidades jurisdicionais do Estado perante a Corte Internacional de Justiça, avaliando os principais argumentos tendentes a considerar o caráter não absoluto da imunidade estatal... more
Resumo Este artigo busca analisar criticamente o caso das imunidades jurisdicionais do Estado perante a Corte Internacional de Justiça, avaliando os principais argumentos tendentes a considerar o caráter não absoluto da imunidade estatal quando estão em jogo sérias violações dos Direitos Humanos e do Direito Internacional Humanitário que possuem o status de normas de jus cogens. Sustenta-se a necessidade de uma leitura progressista da prática estatal em matéria de imunidades estatais, considerando a evolução atual do Direito Internacional e a erosão progressiva da imunidade que caminha pari passu com a limitação da soberania estatal e a emergência do indivíduo enquanto sujeito de Direito Internacional.