Underreported Under Threat: Hate Crime in the United States and the Targeting of Arab Americans

Underreported, Under Threat: Hate Crime in the United States and the Targeting of Arab Americans documents the history of hate crime prevention in the United States with a focus on targeted violence against Arab Americans. An important part of this history, though previously undisclosed, is the elimination of Bias Motivation Code 31 (Anti-Arab) from official hate crime data collections. After contextualizing anti-Arab hate crime within a broader narrative of discrimination and bigotry, the report provides case studies of targeted violence against Arab Americans, a review of the national hate crime reporting and data collection system, including analysis of anti-Arab hate crime reporting, and a consideration of enduring limitations to our federal hate crime statistics. We conclude this report with a series of recommendations based on our findings.