Florida Amendment 4, Require Constitutional Amendments to be Passed Twice Initiative (2020)

Florida Amendment 4
Election date November 3, 2020
Topic Direct democracy measures
Status d Defeated
Type Constitutional amendment	Origin Citizens
List of Florida measuresAmendment 1Amendment 2Amendment 3Amendment 4Amendment 5Amendment 6Submit

Florida Amendment 4, the Require Constitutional Amendments to be Passed Twice Initiative, was on the ballot in Florida as an initiated constitutional amendment on November 3, 2020. It was defeated.

A "yes" vote supported requiring voter-approved constitutional amendments to be approved by voters at a second general election to become effective.

A "no" vote opposed requiring voter-approved constitutional amendments to be approved by voters at a second general election to become effective.

Supermajority requirement: A 60% supermajority vote was required for the approval of Amendment 4.

Election results

Florida Amendment 4
Result		Votes	Percentage
Yes		4,853,402	47.53%
No		5,356,792	52.47%

Results are officially certified.

Source

Overview

What would Amendment 4 have changed about constitutional amendments in Florida?

See also: Constitutional changes

Amendment 4 was designed to require constitutional amendments to be approved by voters at two successive general elections to become effective. Going into the election, in Florida, if voters approve an amendment at one general election, it becomes part of the constitution.

In Florida, constitutional amendments require a 60% supermajority vote to become effective. This requirement was added to the constitution in 2006. The supermajority requirement would have applied to both elections under Amendment 4.

Who was behind the campaigns surrounding Amendment 4?

See also: Support, Opposition, and Campaign finance

Keep Our Constitution Clean PC led the campaign in support of Amendment 4. The committee raised $9.01 million, all of which was given by the non-profit group Keep Our Constitution Clean, Inc. Jason Zimmerman, a lawyer for Keep Our Constitution Clean PC said, "By doing pass-it-twice, we think we can reduce the amount of ... whimsical constitutional amendments. [In Florida], there have been more than 140 constitutional amendments [since the 1960s]. The United States Constitution, which has been around since the 1700s, has been amended 27 times."

Opponents of Amendment 4 included the ACLU of Florida and the Florida League of Women Voters. The ACLU of Florida said, "[Amendment 4], disingenuously and misleadingly titled 'Voter Approval of Constitutional Amendments,' is a cynical political effort to obstruct voters’ ability to pass future constitutional amendments, even those with support from a supermajority of voters. This ballot initiative disregards the will of the people and renders their voices mute on the very issues they care about most." The Committee to Advance Constitutional Values registered to oppose Amendments 1, 3, and 4 on the 2020 ballot. The committee was funded mainly by the ACLU and the ACLU of Florida. The committee raised $1.92 million and spent $1.54 million. Since the committee registered to oppose three measures, it is not possible to distinguish between funds spent on each individual measure.

What was the election process for constitutional amendments in Florida as of 2020?

See also: State processes for initiated constitutional amendments and Constitutional amendment statistics 2006-2018

As of 2020, Florida was one of 18 states that require voters to approve a constitutional amendment at a single election. One state—Nevada—requires voter approval of citizen-initiated constitutional amendments at two successive elections. Since the pass-it-twice requirement in Nevada was created in 1962, there have been 14 citizen-initiated constitutional amendments that passed at the first election and appeared on the ballot again at the next election. Of the 14 measures, 12 were passed at their second elections (85.7%) and two failed (14.3%).

Additionally, in every U.S. state except Delaware, constitutional amendments passed by the state's legislature must be referred to and approved by voters to become effective. Unlike the proposed change under Florida Amendment 4, the process in Nevada does not require voter approval of legislative referrals at more than one election.

The Florida constitution, adopted in 1968, was amended 140 times (including amendments via citizen initiative and via the legislature) as of the November 2018 election. Before the 60% supermajority vote requirement for constitutional amendments was adopted in 2006, the average number of amendments adopted was between 5 and 6 per election cycle. After 2006, the average was between 4 and 5 per election cycle.

Were there other measures like this on the 2020 ballot?

See also Related measures

A similar amendment was on the 2020 ballot for voters in North Dakota, which was designed to require initiated constitutional amendments passed by voters to be submitted to the legislature for approval or approved by voters at two consecutive general elections.

Text of measure

Ballot title

The ballot title was as follows:

“

Voter Approval of Constitutional Amendments.

”

Ballot summary

The ballot summary was as follows:

“

Requires all proposed amendments or revisions to the state constitution to be approved by the voters in two elections, instead of one, in order to take effect. The proposal applies the current thresholds for passage to each of the two elections.

”

Fiscal impact statement

The fiscal impact statement for the amendment appeared on the ballot as follows:

“

It is probable that the proposed amendment will result in additional state and local government costs to conduct elections in Florida. Overall, these costs will vary from election cycle to election cycle depending on the unique circumstances of each ballot and cannot be estimated at this time. The key factors determining cost include the number of amendments appearing for the second time on each ballot and the length of those amendments. Since the maximum state cost is likely less than $1 million per cycle but the impact cannot be discretely quantified, the change to the state’s budget is unknown. Similarly, the economic impact cannot be modelled, although the spending increase is expected to be below the threshold that would produce a statewide economic impact. Because there are no revenues linked to voting in Florida, there will be no impact on government taxes or fees. THE FINANCIAL IMPACT OF THIS AMENDMENT CANNOT BE DETERMINED DUE TO AMBIGUITIES AND UNCERTAINTIES SURROUNDING THE AMENDMENT’S IMPACT.

”

Constitutional changes

See also: Article XI, Florida Constitution

The measure Sections 5 and 7 of Article XI of the Florida Constitution. The following underlined text would have been added.

SECTION 5. Amendment or revision election.— (a) A proposed amendment to or revision of this constitution, or any part of it, shall be submitted to the electors at the next general election held more than ninety days after the joint resolution or report of revision commission, constitutional convention or taxation and budget reform commission proposing it is filed with the custodian of state records, unless, pursuant to law enacted by the affirmative vote of three-fourths of the membership of each house of the legislature and limited to a single amendment or revision, it is submitted at an earlier special election held more than ninety days after such filing. If the proposed amendment or revision is approved as provided in subsection (e), it shall be submitted to the electors a second time at the next general election occurring at least ten weeks after the election in which the proposed amendment or revision is initially approved. (b) A proposed amendment or revision of this constitution, or any part of it, by initiative shall be submitted to the electors at the general election provided the initiative petition is filed with the custodian of state records no later than February 1 of the year in which the general election is held. If the proposed amendment or revision is approved as provided in subsection (e), it shall be submitted to the electors a second time at the next general election. (c) The legislature shall provide by general law, prior to the holding of an election pursuant to this section, for the provision of a statement to the public regarding the probable financial impact of any amendment proposed by initiative pursuant to section 3.

Readability score

See also: Ballot measure readability scores, 2020

Using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formulas, Ballotpedia scored the readability of the ballot title and summary for this measure. Readability scores are designed to indicate the reading difficulty of text. The Flesch-Kincaid formulas account for the number of words, syllables, and sentences in a text; they do not account for the difficulty of the ideas in the text. The initiative proponents wrote the ballot language for this measure. The FKGL for the ballot title is grade level 19, and the FRE is -35. The word count for the ballot title is 5, and the estimated reading time is 1 second. The FKGL for the ballot summary is grade level 12, and the FRE is 46. The word count for the ballot summary is 41, and the estimated reading time is 10 seconds.

Support

Keep Our Constitution Clean PC led the campaign in support of the initiative.

Arguments

• Jason Zimmerman, a lawyer for Keep Our Constitution Clean PC: "By doing pass-it-twice, we think we can reduce the amount of ... whimsical constitutional amendments. [In Florida], there have been more than 140 constitutional amendments [since the 1960s]. The United States Constitution, which has been around since the 1700s, has been amended 27 times."
• Keep Our Constitution Clean PC: "Our goal is to ensure that voters are given the opportunity to fully understand the immediate and future impacts of any proposed changes to our state constitution."

Opposition

Opponents

Political Parties

• Miami Dade Democratic Party

Organizations

• ACLU of Florida
• Democracy for America
• League of Women Voters of Florida

Arguments

• Ellen Freidin of Fair Districts Florida: "We cannot let our guard down and allow the powerful to indulge their worst tendencies to grab all the control for themselves. Florida voters should see Number 4 for what it is, a shameless effort to take away the people’s control over what goes into our constitution. We simply cannot give up our most effective tool for change."
• ACLU of Florida: "Florida voters' right to participate directly in our democracy is protected by Florida’s constitution. Yet, Ballot initiative #4 would impede that right and make it twice as hard and twice as expensive for Floridians’ voices to be heard." Ballot Initiative #4, disingenuously and misleadingly titled “Voter Approval of Constitutional Amendments,” is a cynical political effort to obstruct voters’ ability to pass future constitutional amendments, even those with support from a supermajority of voters. This ballot initiative disregards the will of the people and renders their voices mute on the very issues they care about most. Essentially, an amendment approved by Florida voters would not count unless it passed a second time in the next election. In other words, it negates the will of the people and requires them to try again a second time in order to get something passed. It is an effort to stifle the choices Floridians have made to improve our democracy. Florida voters have a right to participate directly in our democracy and that right is protected by Florida’s constitution. Yet, Ballot Initiative #4 would impede that right and make it harder for Floridians voices to be heard."

Media editorials

Support

Ballotpedia did not identify media editorials supporting Amendment 4. If you are aware of one, please send an email with a link to editor@ballotpedia.org.

Opposition

• Sun Sentinel Editorial Board: "Amendment 4 is as bad as bad gets. It takes massive effort and money to get a constitutional amendment ratified, particularly with the 60 percent approval threshold. One election is enough. There is no good reason to make it twice as hard. ... Talk about keeping our Constitution clean, this initiative is unnecessary. It is political clickbait offered up by wealthy friends of President Donald Trump to echo his anti-immigrant agenda and lure like-minded voters to the polls."
• Orlando Sentinel Editorial Board: "If No. 4 passes, back-to-back campaigns would become far too expensive for grass-roots organizations that want to change the constitution, while the opponents would get an automatic do-over. Citizens would be thrown out of the amendment ballgame, and the backers of No. 4 know that. ... No. 4 is nothing more than the latest attack in a long, relentless war — waged by the Florida Chamber of Commerce and their pals in the state Legislature — to cut regular Floridians out of the amendment process."
• Herald-Tribune Editorial Board: "[T]his is an attempt at major mischief. Political operatives who dislike voters' ability to send direct orders to their Legislature through the amendment process would prefer to make the process more cumbersome and expensive and, above all, protracted. They want you to have to vote on every amendment proposal not once, but twice, so you can second-guess yourself in their favor. We recommend voting no."
• Miami Herald Editorial Board: "The odious goal of this proposal is to require constitutional amendments to be approved by the voters in two — two! — general elections in order to become effective. ... Its well-heeled backers want Floridians to have to vote twice, cynically betting on the real possibility that an amendment won’t get that supermajority the second time around. As bad faith goes, this is voter suppression at its finest. Vote NO on Amendment 4."
• Gainesville Sun Editorial Board: "Amendment No. 4 on the ballot this fall would be the death knell for direct democracy in Florida. Voters should keep our state constitution free of this attempt by big-money interests to subvert the power of the people."
• Florida Today Editorial Board: "Getting a proposal on the ballot is already a difficult and expensive task that requires the gathering of at least 766,200 petition signatures. Not to mention the Legislature has steadily made it harder to get initiatives on the ballot by, for example, limiting the amount of time a group has to collect signatures. If Amendment 4 passes, it's likely that only groups with a lot of money and backing from powerful interests would be able to amend the Florida Constitution."
• Tampa Bay Times Editorial Board: "[T]here already are high hurdles for placing an amendment on the ballot; proposals by the Legislature need support by three-fifths of the membership, revision commissions meet only every 20 years and citizens' initiatives face a host of financial and logistical barriers. Lawmakers also routinely ignore amendments that Florida voters approve (see: Conservation Lands, Felons' Voting Rights). This is just another tool for the ruling class to remain unanswerable and out-of-touch. The Times Editorial Board recommends a No vote on Amendment 4."
• Palm Beach Post Editorial Board: "State lawmakers have already made it more expensive and time-consuming for citizens to get initiatives on the ballot. This amendment would further deter grassroots groups from even trying."

Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls and 2020 ballot measure polls

Poll results for the measure are detailed below.

Double Election Requirement for Constitutional Amendments Initiative
Poll	Support	Oppose	Unsure	Margin of error	Sample size
University of North Florida poll 10/1/20 - 10/4/20	41.0%	52.0%	7.0%	+/-1.8	2,943
St. Pete Polls 10/7/19 - 10/10/19	49.2%	29.7%	21.1%	+/-1.7	3,283
AVERAGES	45.1%	40.85%	14.05%	+/-1.75	3,113
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.

Campaign finance

See also: Campaign finance requirements for Florida ballot measures

One committee registered to support Amendment 4: Keep Our Constitution Clean PC. The committee reported $165,500 in cash contributions and $8.84 million in in-kind contributions, all from Keep Our Constitution Clean, Inc. The committee reported 160,131.36 in cash expenditures.

Keep Our Constitution Clean PC reported in-kind contributions from Keep Our Constitution Clean, Inc. for signature gathering totaling $8.8 million. The total cost per required signature (CPRS) for Amendment 4 was $11.48.

The Committee to Advance Constitutional Values registered to oppose Amendments 1, 3, and 4 on the 2020 ballot. The committee was funded mainly by the ACLU and the ACLU of Florida. The committee raised $1.92 million and spent $1.54 million. Since the committee registered to oppose three measures, it is not possible to distinguish between funds spent on each individual measure.

	Cash Contributions	In-Kind Contributions	Total Contributions	Cash Expenditures	Total Expenditures
Support	$165,500.00	$8,844,646.76	$9,010,146.76	$160,230.36	$9,004,877.12
Oppose	$1,448,315.33	$469,786.71	$1,918,102.04	$1,544,530.42	$2,014,317.13

Support

Committees in support of Amendment 4
Committee	Cash Contributions	In-Kind Contributions	Total Contributions	Cash Expenditures	Total Expenditures
Keep Our Constitution Clean PC	$165,500.00	$8,844,646.76	$9,010,146.76	$160,230.36	$9,004,877.12
Total	$165,500.00	$8,844,646.76	$9,010,146.76	$160,230.36	$9,004,877.12

Top donors

Keep Our Constitution Clean, Inc. provided 100% of the contributions to the support campaign.

Donor	Cash Contributions	In-Kind Contributions	Total Contributions
Keep Our Constitution Clean, Inc.	$165,500.00	$8,844,646.76	$9,010,146.76

Opposition

Committees in opposition to Amendment 4
Committee	Cash Contributions	In-Kind Contributions	Total Contributions	Cash Expenditures	Total Expenditures
Committee to Advance Constitutional Values	$1,448,315.33	$469,786.71	$1,918,102.04	$1,544,530.42	$2,014,317.13
Total	$1,448,315.33	$469,786.71	$1,918,102.04	$1,544,530.42	$2,014,317.13

Top donors

Donor	Cash Contributions	In-Kind Contributions	Total Contributions
ACLU	$1,415,415.00	$112,932.54	$1,528,347.54
ACLU of Forida	$35,000.00	$356,854.17	$391,854.17
Fairness Maryland, Inc	$12,500.00	$0.00	$12,500.00

Methodology

To read Ballotpedia's methodology for covering ballot measure campaign finance information, click here.

Background

State processes for initiated constitutional amendments

A total of 18 states have a process for citizen-initiated constitutional amendments. In 15 of those states, including Florida, citizens collect signatures for an initiative petition, and if the petition meets all requirements and is certified, it will appear on the ballot for a statewide vote. If voters approve the amendment, it becomes part of the constitution. In Florida, constitutional amendments require a 60% supermajority vote to become effective. This requirement was added to the constitution in 2006.

Colorado is the only other state that requires a supermajority vote to pass initiated constitutional amendments. The state requires a 55% supermajority vote. This requirement was added to the Colorado Constitution in 2016.

Two states, Mississippi and Massachusetts, have an indirect process for initiated constitutional amendments. Indirect initiated constitutional amendments do not go immediately to the ballot after a successful petition drive, rather, they are presented to the state legislature first.

Process in Nevada

Nevada is the only state where initiated constitutional amendments must be approved at two consecutive elections. This does not apply to legislatively referred constitutional amendments, which must be approved twice by the legislature (with a majority vote) but only once by the state’s voters. Since the pass-it-twice requirement was created in 1962, there have been 14 citizen-initiated constitutional amendments that passed at the first election and appeared on the ballot again at the next election. Of the 14 measures, 12 were passed at their second elections (85.7%) and two failed (14.3%).

Question 6, passed in 2018, required approval again in 2020 to become effective.

Amendments to the Florida Constitution

See also: Number of state constitutional amendments in each state, Florida Constitution, and Amending Florida's constitution

The current (and sixth) Florida Constitution was adopted on November 5, 1968. The current constitution has been amended 140 times. The most recent amendments to the Florida Constitution, of which there were 11, were approved by voters in 2018. Of the 11 amendments to Florida's constitution in 2018, seven were referred to the ballot by the Florida Constitution Revision Commission, two were referred by the legislature, and two were initiated by citizens.

Constitutional amendment statistics 2006-2019

See also: Constitutional amendments from 2006 through 2019

Among states with a process for citizen-initiated constitutional amendments, Florida featured the most proposed constitutional amendments on the ballot from 2006 through 2019, with a total of 50. Florida voters approved 66% of the proposed amendments (33 of 50). States with initiated amendments featured an average of 21 proposed constitutional changes, of which an average of around 13 were approved.

Among all 50 states, Louisiana (which does not have an initiative process) featured the most proposed constitutional amendments and the most approved amendments with 96 proposed and 71 (74%) approved. States featured an average of 19 constitutional amendments on the ballot from 2006 through 2019.

The following map shows the number of constitutional amendments ratified in each state from 2006 through 2019, with states featuring more constitutional changes in a darker shade:

Related ballot measures

See also: North Dakota Constitutional Measure 2, Require Initiated Constitutional Amendments to be Approved by the Legislature or Passed Twice Amendment (2020)

A similar amendment is on the 2020 ballot for voters in North Dakota. The North Dakota measure only applies to citizen-initiated constitutional amendments, not legislatively referred constitutional amendments. The measure would require initiated constitutional amendments passed by voters to be submitted to the legislature for approval. If the legislature does not approve the amendment, the measure would be placed on the ballot again at the next statewide election and would become effective if approved by the voters a second time.

Direct democracy measures, 2020

See also: Direct democracy measures on the ballot

Five measures that were designed to change the state's laws governing citizen initiatives or other ballot measures were on the ballot in four states for the election on November 3, 2020. The measures included questions about a state's initiative and referendum process, signature gathering requirements, constitutional amendment requirements, and other topics. Click [show] to read more about direct democracy measures in 2020.

Direct democracy measures, 2020

A legislatively referred constitutional amendment on the ballot in Arkansas would have changed many aspects of the state's initiative process including increasing the signature distribution requirement, shortening the signature deadline, eliminating the current opportunity proponents have to collect additional signatures if they fall short. The amendment would also have changed the size of the vote required of the state legislature to refer constitutional amendments to voters from a simple majority to a three-fifths (60%) supermajority vote requirement. The measure was defeated. Voters in two states, North Dakota and Florida, rejected measures that would have required approval at two consecutive elections for constitutional amendments to be ratified. Two direct democracy measures on the ballot in Montana that were referred by the state legislature were approved. They did not change the state's initiative distribution requirements but rather amended the state constitution's language to match the distribution requirements that were currently enforced. 2020 direct democracy measures on the ballot: Ballot Measure: Status: Montana C-47, Initiated Statute and Referendum Distribution Requirements Amendment Approved Florida Amendment 4, Require Constitutional Amendments to be Passed Twice Initiative Defeated Click here to read about changes to laws governing ballot measures in 2019 and here to read about changes to laws governing ballot measures in 2020.

Path to the ballot

See also: Laws governing the initiative process in Florida

The state process

In Florida, the number of signatures required for an initiated constitutional amendment is equal to 8% of the votes cast in the preceding presidential election. Florida also has a signature distribution requirement, which requires that signatures equaling at least 8% of the district-wide vote in the last presidential election be collected from at least half (14) of the state's 28 congressional districts. Signatures remain valid until February 1 of an even-numbered year. Signatures must be verified by February 1 of the general election year the initiative aims to appear on the ballot.

Proposed measures are reviewed by the state attorney general and state supreme court after proponents collect 25% of the required signatures across the state in each of one-half of the state's congressional districts (222,898 signatures for 2024 ballot measures). After these preliminary signatures have been collected, the secretary of state must submit the proposal to the Florida Attorney General and the Financial Impact Estimating Conference (FIEC). The attorney general is required to petition the Florida Supreme Court for an advisory opinion on the measure's compliance with the single-subject rule, the appropriateness of the title and summary, and whether or not the measure "is facially invalid under the United States Constitution."

The requirements to get an initiative certified for the 2020 ballot:

• Signatures: 766,200 valid signatures
• Deadline: The deadline for signature verification was February 1, 2020. As election officials have 30 days to check signatures, petitions should be submitted at least one month before the verification deadline.

In Florida, proponents of an initiative file signatures with local elections supervisors, who are responsible for verifying signatures. Supervisors are permitted to use random sampling if the process can estimate the number of valid signatures with 99.5% accuracy. Enough signatures are considered valid if the random sample estimates that at least 115% of the required number of signatures are valid.

Details about the initiative

• The initiative was approved for circulation on April 19, 2019.
• The measure was certified for the ballot on January 31, 2020. Proponents submitted 783,580 valid signatures.
• The measure received the approval of the state supreme court on February 20, 2020.

Cost of signature collection:
Sponsors of the measure hired a petition gathering company to collect signatures for the petition to qualify this measure for the ballot. A total of $8,798,870.70 was spent to collect the 766,200 valid signatures required to put this measure before voters, resulting in a total cost per required signature (CPRS) of $11.48.

How to cast a vote

See also: Voting in Florida

Click "Show" to learn more about voter registration, identification requirements, and poll times in Florida.

How to cast a vote in Florida

The information below covers regular voting policies in the state. Information may have not applied to the election on November 3, 2020, because of temporary changes in response to coronavirus. Click here to read about changes made for the 2020 elections. Poll times In Florida, all polls are open from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote. Florida is split between Eastern and Central time zones. Registration requirements Check your voter registration status here. To vote in Florida, one must be at least 18 years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a legal resident of Florida and the county in which he or she intends to vote. Pre-registration is available beginning at 16 years of age. Voters may retrieve registration applications at the following locations: Local elections offices Public assistance agencies Disability services agencies Independent living centers Military recruitment offices Public libraries A registration form is also available online. The form can be printed and submitted via mail. Automatic registration Florida does not practice automatic voter registration. Online registration See also: Online voter registration Florida has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website. Same-day registration Florida does not allow same-day voter registration. Residency requirements To register to vote in Florida, you must be a resident of the state. State law does not specify a length of time for which you must have been a resident to be eligible. Verification of citizenship See also: Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States Florida does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration. Verifying your registration The page Voter Information Lookup, run by the Florida Department of State, allows residents to check their voter registration status online. Voter ID requirements Florida requires voters to present photo identification with a signature while voting. The following list of accepted ID was current as of April 2023. Click here for the Florida Secretary of State's page on accepted ID to ensure you have the most current information. Florida driver’s license Florida identification card issued by the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles United States passport Debit or credit card Military identification Student identification Retirement center identification Neighborhood association identification Public assistance identification Veteran health identification card issued by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs License to carry a concealed weapon or firearm issued pursuant to s. 790.06 Employee identification card issued by any branch, department, agency, or entity of the federal government, the state, a county, or a municipality A voter who presents an ID without a signature must show a second form of identification that includes the voter’s signature.

See also

2020 measures

• 2020 ballot measures
• Direct democracy measures on the ballot
• 2020 legislative sessions

Florida

• Florida ballot measures
• Florida ballot measure laws

News and analysis

• Ballot measure lawsuits
• Ballot measure readability
• Ballot measure polls

External links

• Florida Division of Elections Booklet: Proposed Constitutional Amendments 2020 General Election
• Initiative 19-08 information
• Initiative 19-08 full text

Support

• Keep Our Constitution Clean campaign website
• Keep Our Constitution Clean Facebook page

Opposition

Submit links to editor@ballotpedia.org.