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The Write Stuff

A Science World writer goes behind the scenes to see how pencils are made

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What does a mechanical engineer do? Where might one work?

ALEXA KURZIUS

Alexa Kurzius at the General Pencil Company in New Jersey

Think about how many times in your life you’ve used a No. 2 pencil. It’s a trusty standby for filling out tests, graphing data, or taking notes in class. But it’s likely that you’ve never thought much about how pencils are made. I hadn’t either, until I visited America’s oldest pencil factory last year.

Founded in 1889, General Pencil Company has been manufacturing pencils for more than 100 years at its factory in Jersey City, New Jersey. It’s one of the last remaining pencil factories in the U.S. Nearly all other pencil manufacturers have either gone out of business or relocated their factories to other countries.

How many times in your life have you used a No. 2 pencil? It’s a trusty tool for filling out tests, graphing data, or taking notes in class. But you’ve probably never thought much about how pencils are made. I hadn’t either. Then I visited America’s oldest pencil factory last year.

General Pencil Company was founded in 1889. It’s been making pencils for more than 100 years at its factory in Jersey City, New Jersey. That’s one of the last pencil factories left in the U.S. Most other pencil makers have either gone out of business or moved their factories to other countries.

During my tour, I learned that each floor of the General Pencil factory is dedicated to a different part of the pencil-making process. Materials move around the building on conveyor belts and through a variety of complex machines. Electric motors power everything in the factory, which can crank out about 24,000 pencils a day. That works out to almost 9 million pencils every year!

Many of the machines used in the factory were designed by Edward Weissenborn, a mechanical engineer who immigrated to the U.S. from Germany in 1854. He created 360 designs and engineering processes involved in making pencils. Like all machines, the purpose of his inventions is to make work—the use of a force to move an object—easier.

Today, Weissenborn’s great-great granddaughter, Katie Weissenborn Vanoncini, runs the company. When she walks through the factory, she often thinks of him and about how long well-engineered equipment can last. “As my great-great grandfather taught us, always try to make things better and solve problems,” she says.

I took a tour of the General Pencil factory. I learned that each floor handles a different part of the pencil-making process. Materials move around the building on conveyor belts and through different complex machines. Electric motors power everything in the factory. It can crank out about 24,000 pencils a day. That’s almost 9 million pencils a year!

Many of the factory’s machines were designed by Edward Weissenborn. He was a mechanical engineer who moved to the U.S. from Germany in 1854. He made 360 designs and engineering processes used in making pencils. I saw some of them during my visit. His inventions had the same purpose as all machines. That’s to make work—the use of a force to move an object—easier.

Weissenborn’s great-great granddaughter is Katie Weissenborn Vanoncini. She runs the company today. When she walks through the factory, she often thinks of him. She also thinks about how long well-engineered equipment can last. “As my great-great grandfather taught us, always try to make things better and solve problems,” she says.

CORE QUESTION: Think about another everyday object you use. How might machines help make this item?

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